What is Oxidative Stress

Overview

Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to detoxify them or repair the resulting damage. ROS are highly reactive molecules that contain oxygen and can be generated as natural byproducts of cellular metabolism. They include molecules like superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH-).

Under normal physiological conditions, the body has defense mechanisms in place to neutralize ROS and maintain a balance. This includes antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E, and glutathione. However, when there is an excessive production of ROS or a decline in the antioxidant defense system, oxidative stress can occur.

Improving Oxidative Stress

Improving oxidative stress involves reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing the body's antioxidant defense system. Here are some strategies to help improve oxidative stress:

  1. Antioxidant-Rich Diet: Consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. These foods are high in antioxidants, including vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and polyphenols. They can help neutralize ROS and reduce oxidative stress. Include a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables in your diet to obtain a wide range of antioxidants.
  2. Increase Antioxidant Nutrients: Ensure adequate intake of key antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc. These nutrients play vital roles in the body's antioxidant defense system. You can obtain them through diet or consider supplements if advised by a healthcare professional.
  3. Regular Exercise: Engage in regular physical activity as it can enhance the body's antioxidant defenses. Exercise promotes the production of endogenous antioxidants and improves mitochondrial function, which can reduce oxidative stress. Aim for a combination of cardiovascular exercise, strength training, and flexibility exercises.